GEORGE G. MITCHELL DIARMUID O'DONOGHUE ADRIAN TRENAMAN
A New Operator for Efficient Evolutionary Solutions to the Travelling Salesman Problem
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In these works [2][3] Fogel concluded that mutation alone was sufficient for this encoding of the TSP problem, rejecting the crossover operator because of its tendency to introduce invalid tours into the population.


     [2] D.B. Fogel (1993) "Empirical Estimation of the Computation Required to Discover Approximate Solutions to the Travelling Salesman Problem Using Evolutionary Programming. Procedings of 2nd Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming, 1993, 56-61. => none

[3] D.B. Fogel (1993) "Applying Evolutionary Programming to Selected Travelling Salesman Problems." Cybernetics and Systems: An Int. Journal, 1993, 24:27-36. => none