================================================================================================== Can Computers Think? . an Introduction to Computer Science, Programming, and Artificial Intelligence Position Paper Kristina Striegnitz and Valerie Barr "The goal of these discussions will be to come up with a definition (or a set of definitions) of artificial intelligence. To this end, we will track some of the debate on whether machines can think, look at the history of AI, and discuss the different flavors of AI that have been and are being pursued. (Is ELIZA intelligent? If not, why not? Whatfs missing?). As a follow up exercise, students will then experiment with a telephone based dialogue system, will find a high-level specification of the systemfs algorithm and will discuss whether or not this system is intelligent. Similarly, the module on computers architecture provides a basis for the discussion on whether symbol manipulating systems can be intelligent." "Open Artificial Intelligence. One Course for All" . ACM SIGCSE ================================================================================================== Thus, the statement we have proved implies the following assertion, valid for a deterministic environment: Any sufficiently intelligent entity is unpredictable. This point of view is supported by various research. In particular, the project Copycat ([25,26]) suggests that nondeterminism is very important for intelligence. [25] D.R. Hofstadter, The Copycat Project: An Experiment in Nondeterminism and Creative Analogies, AI MEMO 755 (MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1984). => Not-yet [26] D.R. Hofstadter, Simple and Not-so-simple Analogies in the Copycat Domain 9 (Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1984). => Not-yet [25] D.R. Hofstadter, The Copycat Project: An Experiment in Nondeterminism and Creative Analogies, AI MEMO 755 (MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1984). 37 [26] D.R. Hofstadter, Simple and Not-so-simple Analogies in the Copycat Domain 9 (Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1984). => Not-yet -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For example, the result of the experiments described in [37] might be interpreted as evidence of the relationship between intelligence and contradiction. [37] A. Mattei, Full-scale real tests of consumer behavior using experimental data, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (43) 4 (2000) 487.497. => Not-yet