Beebe (2005)
"Easy to put needle in haystack, but much harder to remove it."

Public-key cryptography
given one of public or prevate key it is hard to determine the other.


Arora (2006)
"Brilliance = Ability to find needle in a haystack"













When individuals are allowed a local search around where they locate
(lifetime learning), the number of individual necessary to finally reach
to the needle is much smaller than when no local search

but from a practical point of view total points to be explored are the same more or less


Mills & watson (2005), 
"This means that the organisms do not have to recognise their own success 
(as is implicit in H&Nfs model).


hill-climing will not be possible if no such hill


[google]
(Software-engineering needle-in)
Finding a Needle in the Haystack: A Technique for Ranking Matches between Components 
Naiyana Tansalarak, Kajal Claypool 

A-Technique-for-Ranking-Matches-between-Components